RESUMO
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is considered to be the most common metabolic problem of pregnancy, which, if not recognized and treated on time, can lead to devastating effects on both the mother's health and the health of the fetus and the newborns. Many studies have revealed that the children born of GDM mothers or grandmothers have higher chances of developing diabetes type I or type II later in their life. Early identification of risk factors can help prevent the appearance of severe GDM and its complications witnessed both in the child and the mother. Obesity is one of the major risk factors that should not be ignored, and obese females should first undergo weight reduction plans in case of planned pregnancies. Other risk factors include a family history of DM arterial hypertension, significant weight gain during pregnancy, short sleep duration, women's exposure to stressful environments, changes in alpha and beta microbiota, and air pollution. Proper care should be provided to females of reproductive age both before and during pregnancy to avoid complications. Awareness programs for healthy lifestyles and diets, oral hygiene maintenance guides, and regular health check-ups can all be considered as a key to a healthy society. Expanding the analysis of gut microbiota in individuals at a heightened risk of GDM can hold particular value, especially during the preconception phase. The alterations in gut microbiota can serve as crucial factors in enhancing lifestyle modifications prior to conception. Further studies are required in this direction to decrease the prevalence of GDM, and efficient measures should be implemented before the consequences appear.
